Both the vfat and msdos modules have 1 dependent, which is a mounted file system. It only looks at modules marked as AUTOCLEAN and in the state RUNNING. Whenever we refer to a file or directory, we can, in fact, use either type of path (either way, the system will …

The scalability and flexibility of Linux enable many of these massive deployments to actually work, while the significantly reduced cost barriers of Linux make them more financially feasible. In times of spiraling student debt, that's an understandable reaction. The overhead of symbolic links is minimal, but it is still considered …

Secondly, the DMA controller cannot access the whole of physical memory. You can also edit boot options on the fly from the GRUB menu. An INET socket would have an IP port address bound to it. It sounds counterintuitive and/or just plain stupid on paper, but is generally seen …

It does not obligate you to run it on a determined platform like some proprietary software. Normally, Linux would suspend the requestor, putting the process onto a wait queue until there is enough physical memory. Within a terminal you have what is known as a shell. It is denoted by …

If two signals are generated for a process at the same time then they may be presented to the process or handled in any order. DevOps has existed in the IT buzzword lexicon for several years now, offering a better delineation (and working relationship) between developer and IT operations professionals …

The basics of Unix programming have existed untouched for decades. Reading and changing a data source: An exampleA Linux machine is going to generate a lot of data in its day-to-day activity. Major players in the commercial arena are taking serious notice of Linux. Thereafter all of the applications file …

Where does the bash fit in? Background processes that attempt to read from (write to) the terminal are sent a SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU) signal by the terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. Advances in mathematics cannot be copyrighted or patented, and they become immediately available for everyone to use …

This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent are retained by the child. Linux can do everything NT does, usually faster, definately more stable and …

Yet the human factor is probably one of the most significant in not only how smoothly the actual Linux conversion goes but also how well it is adopted and beneficial to your organization. 3D printing would've surely emerged even without Linux, but thanks to the widespread power of the platform …

In many ways, Linux and UNIX administration is today much easier than administration for popular commercial personal operating systems because it is much more transparent. But the Linux community is much more than the kernel, and needs contributions from lots of other people besides programmers. Loadlin works from a DOS …

Moreover, most programming languages (if they aren't limited to a particular OS) work on Linux. Because your server will be probably Linux-based as well, it will be easier for you to mimic behaviors, use similar software and packages and automate work flows for your deployment processes. You can easily see …

If that original deal with Target and Best Buy had worked out, we would have never accepted the next deal, which turned into a long-lasting business relationship that WOODCHUCK is still part of today.

Just as Kevin and I were wondering what to do with the nearly sixty thousand iPad …

Trish didn’t make us sign any contracts, which made it seem like we would have been fools to not accept her offer. Shortly after that, we ended up becoming very close. In fact, I thought of her as a sister and mentor at one point. When times got tough …

I thought about what he was trying to tell me, and said, “You know what? I think that actually makes a lot of sense.”

Exactly at that moment, my shift in mindset occurred. Total financial disaster had instantly transformed into my official arrival on the entrepreneurial scene. I was getting …

I thought about what he was trying to tell me, and said, “You know what? I think that actually makes a lot of sense.”

Exactly at that moment, my shift in mindset occurred. Total financial disaster had instantly transformed into my official arrival on the entrepreneurial scene. I was getting …

There is yet one other weakness: if a computer switches operating systems later, the long uptime is credited to the new OS. Imagine if you wanted to become a great writer but weren't allowed to read any books. In general, there is a tendency for advocates of the term term …

Organic/SEO traffic: This report shows what your SEO traffic was for a time period. It's important to watch trends happening with this. Look as far back to the same time period as last year and see whether there are any seasonality trends or increases/decreases from year to year …

The number of bytes that the device driver requests is rounded up to the next block size boundary. One is AbiWord, a standalone word processor that is both comparable to and compatible with Microsoft Word. These tables include pointers to routines and information that support the interface with that class …

Until recently, most modems were 8 or 16 bit ISA cards. Free software is also very different from public domain software. There are times when controllers need to read or write large amounts of data directly to or from system memory. The device driver places bytes onto the queue, one …

By applying the foundational principals behind two factors, even the most techno-phobic and proprietary software entrenched small sized companies can painlessly move to Linux on the Desktop. It looks at each member of the operations pending queue (sem_pending) in turn, testing to see if the semphore operations will succeed this …

It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carried out. The process of booting your Linux system can sometimes be easy and sometimes be difficult. Upgrading from one version to another is also painless. In addition to implementing the standard C library, glibc provides …

But, as we all know, there are typically many directories on a system. In either case, the kernel simply resolves the pathname to the correct inode. The editing mode may be switched during interactive use by using the -o option to the set built-in command. Whereas sockets communicating over the …

The Linux system call uses the write routine pointed at by the file data structure describing this pipe. If you have a /etc/cron.allow file, this supersedes cron.deny (ie, cron.deny is ignored) and allows only those listed in it to use cron. The only rule is that …

The character % introduces a job name. At kernel initialization time, the address families built into the kernel register themselves with the BSD socket interface. Both are very different from proprietary software (also commonly called commercial software), which is software that is controlled by a company or an individual. Source code …

The new module also exports symbols to the kernel and insmod builds a table of these exported images. Notably, Linux is the fastest growing operating system released to date. More importantly, Linux strives to behave in accordance with POSIX and SUS requirements. WinModems lack some basic hardware on the modem …

and insert it as the first line of your script. Arch Linux, the favorite Linux distribution of die-hard Linux enthusiasts, comes with Linux kernel and package manager. Linux keeps looking through the pending list from the start until there is a pass where no semaphore operations can be applied and …

As you can see, by use of scripting, any shell interaction can be automated and scripted. A typical Linux distribution includes the Linux kernel, but it also contains many application programs and tools. The device identifier for the first partition of that disk (/dev/hdb1) is (3,65). Knowledge and …

The inode is both a physical object, located on disk in Unix-style filesystems, and a conceptual entity, represented by a data structure in the Linux kernel. It may not be the best choice for word processing (or maybe it is -- read on), but many see it as an "ISP in …

For example, you cannot unload the VFAT module if you have one or more VFAT file systems mounted. In fact, there is no difference between command execution directly via terminal or within a shell script apart from the fact that the shell script offers non-interactive execution of multiple commands as …

This modest computer's official Raspbian OS comes loaded with tons of programming tools, connector pins, and other useful ports. To accomplish more complex tasks, tools would simply be connected together, using pipes. For self study it can be useful to have a good introductory book. Organizations today do not need …

A server is a computer with an operating system that is configured to allow other computers to connect to it from across a network. Keep in mind that these are only conventions---not rules. Setting up TCP/IP connections is very different from setting up an amateur radio X.25 connection …

You need to start from the ground up, choose components, and build a customized operating system that could easily become a great Linux distro for programming and other development purposes. Each filesystem is mounted to a specific location in the namespace, known as a mount point. One who bases his …

To help bring order to chaos, standards groups codify system interfaces into official standards. Many of the best Linux experts are self taught and do not possess a single computer certification. It needs to be able to support what an IT team requires in the moment and in the future …

Like the virtual filesystem, Linux abstracts the socket interface with the BSD socket layer being concerned with the BSD socket interface to the application programs which is in turn supported by independent address family specific software. This is especially important if a particularly vital application does not yet exist for …

This integration would result in efficient administration. Filesystems usually exist physically (i.e., are stored on disk), although Linux also supports virtual filesystems that exist only in memory, and network filesystems that exist on machines across the network. Most processes consist of only a single thread; they are called single-threaded …

They will not begin with a slash. In general, failing to agree with the standards is considered a bug. Not all four entries in the partition table have to be used. None other than the system call handler!

Scan the results of parameter expansion

At that time a new generation of computers with proprietary operating systems was introduced, and their vendors required that users sign non-disclosure statements in order to obtain copies of the operating systems. Software running on the CPU must be able to read and write those controlling registers. (To be a …

The other is part of OpenOffice, a full-fledged office productivity suite that is comparable to and compatible with Microsoft Office. Oracle Corporation, another heavyweight in the DBMS industry, recently announced it would be creating a Linux compatible Oracle. Likewise, some minimal restrictions are necessary for free software, namely the GPL …

In general, there is a tendency for advocates of the term term free software to emphasize the ideological aspects of software, including the ethical or moral aspects, and they view technical excellence as both a desirable and an unavoidable by-product of their ethical standards. The shell learns immediately whenever a …

For some small business leaders I've consulted, the human factor is either a notion to be rejected or ignored. For most users, LILO works best. Kerneld is just an agent of the kernel, scheduling work on its behalf. Not often are our basic rights thought of in the context of …