Behavior changes and features are added. Aliases are expanded when the function definition is read, not when the function is executed, because a function definition is itself a compound command. As long as the system appears to be free of critical or oft-manifesting bugs, it is considered ``stable' and new …

Every process except the first has a parent. So, if the operation value is 2, then -2 is added to the adjustment entry for this semaphore. It is as old as computers themselves. What does this mean to you?

At the Linux terminal with Firejail

But it starts at the top. For Linux, a vendor can create a device driver for a specific hardware device and expect that, within reason, it will operate across most distributions. When Corporations are happy with the used software they donate money to the communities in order to be able …

Functions are defined by using the function keyword and followed by function body enclosed by curly brackets. The data is read by a head, which can detect whether a particular minute particle is magnetized. FLOSS OSes tend to include many applications that are usually sold separately in proprietary systems (including …

The UEFI boot manager boots the mini-bootloader, then, in turn, it boots the standard Linux bootloader image. The exact wording of a recipe as it is written by its author is protected under copyright law, but the information itself (i.e., the names of the ingredients, their quantities and the …

Why make it easier for them. However, in most cases it is closed source (i.e., the source code is kept secret), and there are often restrictions on the use of the executable version. If all of the semaphore operations would have succeeded and the current process does not need …

In a multiprocessing system many processes are kept in memory at the same time. The kernel does not impose any restrictions on concurrent file access. This software universe had been going on behind my back for years. Just maybe that crash you reported will save some people from a major …

Processes that are started at boot time usually run as root or nobody. As a Linux user today you have all the means of getting to know your system inside out, but it is no longer necessary to have that knowledge in order to make the system comply to your …

Figure 11.3 shows both mechanisms. For example, %ce refers to a stopped ce job. The partitions of a hard disk are described by a partition table; each entry describing where the partition starts and ends in terms of heads, sectors and cylinder numbers. If something is in the public …

All of the read/write heads are attached together, they all move across the surfaces of the platters together. A common sector size is 512 bytes and the sector size was set when the disk was formatted, usually when the disk is manufactured. There is yet one other weakness: if …

For those companies, Linux supports most UNIX commands and standards, which makes transitioning to Linux very easy because the company likely would not need to pur- chase additional software or retrain staff. Also, the kernel compilation process is not as verbose in the 2.6 kernel series. A question that …

Where does the bash fit in? The keyboard, mouse and serial ports are controlled by a SuperIO chip, the IDE disks by an IDE controller, SCSI disks by a SCSI controller and so on. Linux is believed to comply with POSIX.1 and SUSv3, but as no official POSIX or …

Therefore, mastering Linux for configuring and maintaining servers is a must to have skill for any technological entrepreneur who operates end-to-end applications. The scalability and flexibility of Linux enable many of these massive deployments to actually work, while the significantly reduced cost barriers of Linux make them more financially feasible …

It is vital that there is an uninterrupted stream of knowledge, and that information is not held back for personal benefit at the cost of others. Most of the time you will be issuing commands. Anyone can join the Linux community by participating in and contributing to this mailing list …